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Kaolin is a kind of fine-grained clay with kaolinite mineral as the main component and pure texture. It is widely used in ceramics, refractory materials, coatings and papermaking because of its physical and chemical properties such as white color, softness, good plasticity and fire resistance. , rubber and other industries. In recent years, with the application of kaolin in some high-tech fields such as atomic reactors, aerospace, etc., its value as a strategic mineral raw material has become increasingly apparent. However, according to the editor of China Powder Network, high-end kaolin products are still mineral materials that are “card neck” for China, and they need to rely on a large number of imported products. Their processing technology and equipment are still relatively limited compared with foreign countries. gap. The following is a rough comparison of domestic and imported kaolin products.
Big price difference
According to the statistics of "Non-metal Mine Development and Application", the total amount and amount of kaolin exports in China from January to December 2016 were 1247254.71t and 106.617 million US dollars respectively. In the same period, the total amount and amount of imported kaolin in China were 431871.64 t and 99.375 million USD, respectively. On average, the price of domestic kaolin in 2016 is about US$85/t, while the price of imported kaolin is about US$230/t. The price of imported kaolin is nearly two times higher than that of domestically produced.
According to the data of the China Business Research Institute, the national kaolin export volume in 2017 was 115,5709.7 tons, and the export value was 1,14,495,800 US dollars. In 2017, the national kaolin import volume was 53,3702.5 tons, and the import value was 119.956 million US dollars. On average, the price of domestic kaolin in 2017 is about US$99/t, while the price of imported kaolin is about US$224/t. The price of imported products is still much higher than the domestic price.
Consumption structure is very different
The consumption structure of kaolin in China is quite different from the average level of countries such as the United States. Domestic kaolin is concentrated in the ceramics sector, accounting for 55% of the total, while the average consumption ratio of ceramics in the United States and other countries is about 15%. Compared with the low-end ceramic industry, in the field of papermaking, high-end domestic kaolin products account for a relatively small proportion of consumption, about 30%, while the average level of the United States and other countries is more than 45%. The domestic kaolin for papermaking relies mainly on Imported products with high quality and high price.
One reason is that the grade of kaolin resources in China is relatively low. Although the reserves are large, most of them can only be applied to low-end ceramic fields or fillers. Furthermore, there is a big gap between the processing technology and equipment of domestic kaolin and other countries. Although various types of superfine pulverizing equipment have been developed in China, the structure, material, processing fineness, stability and high efficiency are etc. There is still a big gap in comparison with foreign advanced equipment.
New products and new application areas are different
In addition to the low-end products in the domestic kaolin industry structure, there are also great differences between China and the United States in the development of new products and new applications. Although China has done a lot of research work, such as calcining kaolin products, synthesizing 0.4 nm molecular sieves, high-temperature special ceramics, etc., many of them are still in the laboratory stage, and there is still a long way from industrialization. Relatively speaking, foreign products and applications involve many aspects, including ceramic building materials, chemicals, environmental protection, textiles, atomic reactors, jet aircraft and other high-temperature refractory industries.
Industry concentration and scale are different
According to the relevant person in charge of the China Non-Metallic Minerals Association, the annual output of kaolin in China is about 7 million tons. Compared with the international market, the concentration of China's kaolin industry is relatively low, and the scale of enterprises is generally small. At present, most domestic kaolin production companies have a production capacity of several hundred thousand tons, while the major international kaolin production companies, such as Imerya, have a production capacity of about 5.9 million tons; the United States' Engelhard, and Hugh The production capacity of Huber and Tbiele is about 1.8 million tons, 1.4 million tons and 1.2 million tons respectively; the capacity of Brazil's Cadam is about 1 million tons.
Product performance requirements vary greatly
The main performance indexes of high whiteness ultrafine kaolin of American kaolin production company and the performance requirements of fine kaolin for domestic special rubber and plastic coatings (refer to "JC/T 2370-2016 Fine Kaolin") can be seen as an example. Kaolin's particle size -2μm requirement is more than 96%, while domestic requirements are more than 85%; US kaolin 325 mesh sieve residue requirements are not higher than 0.5%, domestic requirements are not higher than 1%; US kaolin spherical ratio requirements It is 4.2, but there is no such requirement in China.
