water electromagnetic separator

PTMS MAGNETIC SEPARATOR

what is magnetic separation method in hindi?

 The composition of the atom is a special atomic structure such as iron, cobalt, nickel, etc. The atom itself has a magnetic moment, and the general arrangement of these mineral molecules is disordered. When the magnetic regions interact with each other, no magnetic properties are observed, but under the guidance of an external force (such as a magnetic field), the direction of the molecules tends to be uniform, and magnetic properties are exhibited, which is also known as a magnet. Iron, cobalt and nickel are the most commonly used magnetic substances. Basically, magnets are divided into permanent magnets and soft iron. Permanent magnets are magnetized to make the spin of the magnetic material and the angular momentum of the electrons arranged in a fixed direction. Soft magnetic is Adding current (also a method of adding magnetic force) and other currents to remove the soft iron will slowly lose its magnetism. Magnets were not invented by humans. There are natural magnetites. The earliest people who discovered and used magnets should be Chinese. Therefore, the "compass" is one of the four major inventions of the Chinese. Our predecessors in the pre-Qin period have accumulated a lot of understandings in this area. When exploring iron ore, they often encounter magnetite, the magnet (the main component is ferroferric oxide). These findings have long been documented. The first few articles in "Pipe" recorded these findings: "There are magnets on the mountain, and there are gold and copper under them." Other ancient books such as "Shan Hai Jing" have similar records. The characteristics of the magnet's iron absorption have been discovered for a long time. The "Lv's Spring and Autumn" nine volumes of proficiency articles have: "Tsing the iron, or introducing it." At that time, the people called "magnetic" as "ci" and they attracted the magnet. Iron is seen as a kind mother's attraction to children. He also believes that: "Stone is the mother of iron, but the stone is kind and uncomfortable. The kind stone can attract his children. The stone of uncomfortable can't be attracted." Han used to write the magnet as "civil stone". The meaning of loving stone.

Since magnets can attract iron, can it attract other metals? Our ancestors made many attempts to find that magnets can not only attract gold, silver, copper and other metals, but also can not attract bricks and other items. In the Western Han Dynasty, people have realized that magnets can only attract iron, but not other items. When two magnets are placed close together, they sometimes attract each other and sometimes repel each other. It is now known that a magnet has two poles, one called the N pole and the other called the S pole. The same sex is mutually exclusive and the opposite sex attracts each other. People at that time did not know this truth, but they were still aware of this phenomenon. In the Western Han Dynasty, there is an alchemist named Yu Da. He used the nature of the magnet to make two pieces of chess. By adjusting the mutual position of the two pieces, sometimes the two pieces attract each other and sometimes repel each other. He called it "playing chess." He dedicated this novelty to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and demonstrated it on the spot. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was amazed, and the dragon heart was great, and it was actually a "five generals." Using the nature of the magnet, the company made a novelty and deceived Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The magnet earth is also a large magnet with two poles close to the geographical south pole and the geographical north pole. Therefore, when the magnet on the surface of the earth can rotate freely, it will be repelled by the homogeneity of the magnet, and the nature of the attraction of the opposite sex indicates north and south. This reason is not well understood by the ancients, but they are very clear about such phenomena.

Application of magnetic phenomena "Application in traditional industries": When describing the magnetic sources of magnetic materials, electromagnetic induction, and magnetic devices, we have already mentioned the practical application of some magnetic materials. In fact, magnetic materials have been widely used in various aspects of traditional industries. For example, if there is no magnetic material, electrification becomes impossible, because generators are used for power generation, transformers are used for power transmission, and speakers are used for electric machines, telephones, radios, and televisions. Magnetic steel coil structures are used in many instruments. These have already been said when it comes to other content.

Magnets "Magnetic applications in the biological and medical world": Pigeon fans know that if pigeons are released hundreds of kilometers away, they will automatically return home. Why do pigeons have such a good recognition skills? It turns out that pigeons are sensitive to the Earth's magnetic field and they can use their changes in the Earth's magnetic field to find their home. If a magnet is attached to the head of the pigeon, the pigeon will be lost. If the pigeons fly over the radio tower, strong electromagnetic interference can also make them lose their way.

In medicine, the use of nuclear magnetic resonance can diagnose abnormal tissue and determine disease. This is our familiar MRI technology. The basic principle is as follows: the nucleus has positive electricity and spin motion. Usually, the arrangement of the spin axis of the nucleus is irregular, but when it is placed in an external magnetic field, the spatial orientation of the nuclear spin transitions from disorder to order. The magnetization vector of the spin system gradually increases from zero, and when the system reaches equilibrium, the magnetization reaches a stable value. If the nuclear spin system is subjected to external influences at this time, the RF excitation of the nucleus at a certain frequency can cause a resonance effect. After the RF pulse is stopped, the atomic nucleus that has been excited by the spin system cannot maintain this state, will return to the original alignment state in the magnetic field, and release weak energy, become a radio signal, detect many signals, and make At the time of spatial resolution, an image of the distribution of nuclei in motion is obtained. Nuclear magnetic resonance is characterized by the fact that flowing liquid does not produce a signal called flow effect or flow blank effect. Thus the blood vessels are gray-white tubular structures and the blood is black with no signal. This makes the blood vessels easy to separate from soft tissue. Surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid around the normal spinal cord, the cerebrospinal fluid is black, and the white dura mater is set against fat, making the spinal cord appear as a strong white signal structure. NMR has been applied to the imaging diagnosis of various systems throughout the body. The best effect is the brain, its spinal cord, large blood vessels, joint bones, soft tissues and pelvis. Cardiovascular disease can not only observe the anatomical changes of each chamber, large blood vessels and valves, but also can be used for ventricular analysis, qualitative and semi-quantitative diagnosis, can be used as multiple cut charts, high spatial resolution, showing the whole heart and lesions And its relationship with surrounding structures, superior to other X-ray imaging, two-dimensional ultrasound, radionuclide and CT examination. Magnet magnets can not only diagnose but also help treat diseases. Magnet is a medicinal herb of ancient Chinese medicine. Now, people use the magnetic differences between different components in the blood to separate red blood cells and white blood cells. In addition, the interaction between the magnetic field and the human meridian can realize magnetic therapy, and has a unique role in the treatment of various diseases. It has been applied to magnetic therapy pillows and magnetic therapy belts. The iron remover made of magnet can remove the iron powder which may exist in the flour, etc. The magnetized water can prevent the scale of the boiler, and the magnetized seed can increase the yield of the crop to a certain extent.

"Magnetic applications in astronomy, geology, archaeology and mining": We already know that the earth is a huge magnet, so where does its magnetism come from? Has it been since ancient times? What is the connection between it and the geological conditions? What is the magnetic field in the universe? At least on the picture we have seen the brilliant Northern Lights. China has recorded the Northern Lights since ancient times. The Northern Lights are actually the result of the interaction of particles in the solar wind and the Earth's magnetic field. The solar wind is a stream of energetic charged particles emitted by the sun. When they reach the Earth, they interact with the Earth's magnetic field, just as the current-carrying wires are forced in the magnetic field, causing the particles to move and accumulate in the north and south poles, and collide with the thin gas at high altitudes, resulting in gas. The molecules are excited to illuminate.

Sunspots are areas where the magnetic field on the sun is very intense. The outbreak of sunspots has an impact on our lives, such as the temporary interruption of radio communications. Therefore, studying sunspots is important to us.

Geomagnetic changes can be used to explore deposits. Since all materials have strong or weak magnetic properties, if they come together to form a deposit, they will inevitably interfere with the geomagnetic field in the nearby area, causing anomalies in the geomagnetic field. According to this, the magnetism of the earth can be measured on land, in the ocean or in the air, and the geomagnetic map can be obtained. The analysis and further exploration of the magnetic field anomaly on the geomagnetic map can often reveal unknown mineral deposits or special geological structures. Rocks of different geological ages often have different magnetic properties. Therefore, it is possible to judge the change of geological age and the change of the crust according to the magnetic assistance of the rock. Many mineral resources are symbiotic, that is to say, several minerals are mixed together, and they have different magnetic properties. Using this feature, people have developed a magnetic separator that uses magnets of different minerals and the difference in magnetic strength to attract these substances with magnets. Then they are different in attractiveness, and the results can be mixed together. Different magnetic minerals are separated to achieve magnetic beneficiation.

   "Magnetic applications in the military field": Magnetic materials are also widely used in the military field. For example, ordinary mines or mines can only explode when in contact with a target, so the effect is limited. If magnetic sensors are installed on mines or mines, because tanks or warships are made of steel, the sensors can detect changes in the magnetic field to explode mines or mines when they are close (without touching the target), increasing the lethality. In modern warfare, air superiority is one of the keys to winning the battle. However, the aircraft is easily detected by the enemy's radar during the flight, which is of great danger. In order to avoid the monitoring of enemy radar, a special magnetic material-absorbent material can be coated on the surface of the aircraft, which can absorb the electromagnetic waves emitted by the radar, so that the radar electromagnetic waves rarely reflect, so the enemy radar can not detect the radar echo. Can not find the aircraft, which makes the aircraft reach the purpose of stealth. This is the famous "stealth aircraft." Stealth technology is a hot spot in the world of military research. The US F117 stealth fighter is an example of the successful use of stealth technology. In the "Star Wars" program in the United States, there is a research and development of a new type of weapon "electromagnetic weapon." The traditional artillery guns use the thrust generated by the instantaneous expansion of the ammunition to accelerate the projectile quickly and launch the cannon. The electromagnetic gun puts the projectile in the solenoid and energizes the solenoid. Then the magnetic field generated by the solenoid will generate a huge driving force for the projectile, and the projectile will be fired. This is the so-called electromagnetic gun. Similar to electromagnetic missiles.

The knowledge of magnets There are many types of magnets. Generally divided into two major categories of permanent magnets and soft magnetic. The magnets we refer to are generally referred to as permanent magnets.

 Permanent magnets are divided into two categories:

 The first category: metal alloy magnets include NdFeB magnets (Nd2Fe14B), SmCo magnets (SmCo), AlNiCo magnets (ALNiCO)

The second category: ferrite permanent magnet materials (Ferrite)

1. Neodymium iron boron magnet: It is the magnet with the highest commercialization performance. It is called magnetic king. It has extremely high magnetic properties and its maximum magnetic energy product (BHmax) is more than 10 times higher than ferrite. Its mechanical processing performance is also quite good. Operating temperatures up to 200 degrees Celsius. Moreover, its texture is hard, its performance is stable, and it has a good cost performance, so its application is extremely extensive. However, because of its strong chemical activity, it must be treated with a surface coating. (such as Zn, Ni, electrophoresis, passivation, etc.).

2. Ferrite magnet: Its main raw materials include BaFe12O19 and SrFe12O19. It is made of ceramic technology and has a relatively hard texture. It is a brittle material. Because ferrite magnets have good temperature resistance, low price and moderate performance, they have become the most widely used permanent magnets.

3. AlNiCo magnet: An alloy composed of aluminum, nickel, cobalt, iron and other trace metal elements. The casting process can be processed into different sizes and shapes, and the processability is very good. Cast AlNiCo permanent magnets have the lowest reversible temperature coefficient and can operate at temperatures above 600 degrees Celsius. AlNiCo permanent magnet products are widely used in a variety of instrumentation and other applications.

4. SmCo is classified into SmCo5 and Sm2Co17 depending on the composition. Its development is limited due to the high price of its materials. Samarium Cobalt (SmCo), as a rare earth permanent magnet, not only has a high magnetic energy product (14-28 MGOe), reliable coercivity and good temperature characteristics. Compared with neodymium iron boron magnets, samarium cobalt magnets are more suitable for working in high temperature environments.

The history of magnets: With the development of society, the application of magnets has become more and more extensive. From high-tech products to the simplest packaging magnets, the most widely used ones are NdFeB magnets and ferrite magnets. From the development history of magnets, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, carbon steel, tungsten steel, chrome steel and cobalt steel were mainly used as permanent magnet materials. At the end of the 1930s, the development of AlNiCo magnets made it possible to use large-scale magnets. In the 1950s, the appearance of barium ferrite magnets not only reduced the cost of permanent magnets, but also broadened the application range of permanent magnet materials to the high frequency field. In the 1960s, the emergence of samarium-cobalt permanent magnets opened up a new era for the application of magnets. In 1967, Strnat et al. of Dayton University in the United States developed a samarium-cobalt magnet, marking the arrival of the era of rare earth magnets. So far, the rare ten permanent magnet has experienced the first generation SmCo5, the second generation precipitation hardening type Sm2Co17, and developed to the third generation Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material. At present, ferrite magnets are still the largest amount of permanent magnet materials, but the output value of NdFeB magnets has greatly exceeded the ferrite permanent magnet materials. The production of NdFeB magnets has developed into a large industry. The magnetic size is arranged as: NdFeB Magnet, samarium cobalt magnet, alnico magnet, ferrite magnet.

Magnet manufacturing process: The process of making NdFeB magnets, SmCo magnets, AlNiCo magnets, and ferrite magnets is also different. From the technology, there are sintered NdFeB magnets and NdFeB magnets. We mainly talk about sintered NdFeB magnets.

Process Flow: Batching → Smelting ingot → Pulverizing → Pressing → Sintering and tempering → Magnetic testing → Grinding → Pin cutting → Plating → Finished product. The ingredients are the basis, and the sintering and tempering is the key production tool of NdFeB magnets: smelting furnace, E-breaking machine, ball mill, jet mill, press forming machine, vacuum packaging machine, isostatic press, sintering furnace, heat treatment vacuum furnace, Magnetic performance tester, Gauss meter.

 NdFeB magnet processing tools: special slicer, wire cutting machine, flat mill, double-sided machine, punching machine, chamfering machine, electroplating equipment.

Maglev Train Application： The Maglev Train is a magnetically suspended high-speed train system that uses a contactless electromagnetic suspension, steering and drive system. It can reach more than 500 kilometers per hour. It is the fastest ground passenger transport vehicle in the world. It has the advantages of fast speed, strong climbing ability, low energy consumption, low noise, safe and comfortable, no fuel and less pollution. And it uses an elevated way, occupying very little cultivated land. Maglev trains mean that these trains use the basic principle of magnetism to float on the rails instead of the old steel and rail trains. The magnetic levitation technology uses the electromagnetic force to lift the entire train compartment, freeing from the annoying friction and unpleasant hum, and achieving a fast "flight" with no contact with the ground and no fuel.

Application of NdFeB: At present, the application of NdFeB magnets in China is as follows. 37% of applications in high-tech products, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mobile phone vibration, hard disk drive voice coil (VCM), optical disc (DVD, CD-ROM) engine for drive spindles, power tools, electric vehicles, and inverter air conditioners.Traditional medium and low-end products account for 63% of applications, such as audio devices, magnetic adsorption devices, magnetic separators, and magnetizers.