Magnetic separation machine

PTMS MAGNETIC SEPARATOR

what is magnetic separation in science？

Metal material A general term for a material having a metallic property mainly composed of a metal element or a metal element. Including pure metals, alloys, intermetallic compounds and special metal materials. The development of human civilization and the progress of society are closely related to metal materials. The Bronze Age and the Iron Age, which emerged after the Stone Age, were marked by the application of metallic materials. Modern, a wide variety of metal materials have become an important material basis for the development of human society.
        Types Metal materials are usually classified into ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, and specialty metal materials.
1 ferrous metal, also known as steel material, including industrial pure iron containing more than 90% of iron, 2% to 4% of carbon containing carbon, carbon steel containing less than 2% carbon, and structural steel, stainless steel, heat resistant for various purposes. Steel, high temperature alloys, precision alloys, etc. The broad ferrous metals also include chromium, manganese and their alloys.
2 Non-ferrous metals refer to all metals and their alloys except iron, chromium and manganese. They are usually classified into light metals, heavy metals, precious metals, semi-metals, rare metals and rare earth metals. Non-ferrous alloys generally have higher strength and hardness than pure metals, and have large electrical resistance and low temperature coefficient of resistance.
3 special metal materials include structural metal materials and functional metal materials for different purposes. Among them are amorphous metal materials obtained by rapid condensation process, as well as quasi-crystal, microcrystalline, nanocrystalline metal materials, etc.; and special functional alloys such as stealth, hydrogen, superconductivity, shape memory, wear resistance, vibration damping and the like. , as well as metal matrix composites and the like. Oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, sulfur compounds (including sulfides, selenides and tellurides) of certain elements and oxoacids such as silicates, titanates, aluminates, phosphates, etc. Salt is a general term for inorganic materials with a major composition. Including ceramics, glass, cement, refractory materials, enamel, abrasives and new inorganic materials. Among them, the term ceramics, with the continuous emergence of inorganic materials similar to ceramic processes, has also expanded its concept. The most general concept of ceramics has almost the same meaning as inorganic non-metallic materials. Inorganic non-metallic materials, like metal materials and organic polymer materials, are an important part of the contemporary complete material system.
         Ordinary inorganic non-metallic materials are characterized by high compressive strength, high hardness, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. In addition, in terms of gelation performance, the optical properties of the glass, the ceramics have excellent properties in terms of corrosion resistance and dielectric properties, and the refractory materials have thermal insulation properties, which are inferior to metal materials and polymer materials. . However, compared with metallic materials, it has low breaking strength and lacks ductility and is a brittle material. Compared with polymer materials, the density is large and the manufacturing process is complicated.
       The characteristics of special inorganic non-metallic materials are:
1 each has its own characteristics, such as: high temperature oxidation resistance of high temperature oxides; high frequency insulation properties of alumina and yttria ceramics; magnetic properties of ferrite; optical transmission properties of optical fibers; diamond, cubic boron nitride The {TodayHot} superhard nature; the conductive properties of the conductor material; the fast setting and fast hardening properties of the fast hard early strength cement.
2 various physical effects and microscopic phenomena, such as: photo-electricity of photosensitive materials, thermo-electricity of heat-sensitive materials, force-electricity of piezoelectric materials, gas-electricity of gas-sensitive materials, humidity-electricity of moisture-sensitive materials, etc. Functional conversion characteristics of materials to physical and chemical parameters.
3 materials of different properties are composited to form composite materials, such as cermets, high temperature inorganic coatings, and materials reinforced with inorganic fibers, whiskers, and the like. History The natural stone used by people in the Paleolithic Age to make tools was the first inorganic non-metallic material. In 6,000 to 5,000 BC, China invented the original pottery. The Chinese Shang Dynasty (about 17th century BC to the 11th century BC) had original porcelain and glazed pottery appeared. In the future, in order to meet the needs of court viewing and folk daily use and construction, the production technology of ceramics continues to develop. Celadon in the 200th year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the Eastern Han Dynasty) is the earliest porcelain discovered so far. The emergence of pottery promoted the entry of mankind into the metal age. The ceramic pottery used for copper smelting in the Xia Dynasty (about 22 BC to the early 21st century BC to the early 17th century BC) was the earliest refractory material. The smelting temperature of iron is much higher than that of copper, so the refractory material of the iron age has correspondingly developed greatly. The rise of the steel industry after the 18th century promoted the development of refractory materials in the direction of multiple varieties, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. In 3700 BC, Egypt began to have simple glass beads for decorations. 1000 years ago, China also had white perforated glass beads. In the early Christian era, Rome was able to produce glass products of various shapes. Glass manufacturing technology has matured between 1000 and 1200, and Venice in Italy has become the center of the glass industry. After 1600, the glass industry has spread all over the world. Gas-hardening cementitious materials such as lime and gypsum have been used from 3000 BC to 2000 BC. With the development of the construction industry, the cementitious materials have also been developed accordingly. In the beginning of the first year, there was hydraulic lime and volcanic ash cementitious material. After 1700, it was made of hydraulic lime and Roman cement. In 1824, J. Asputen of the United Kingdom invented Portland cement (see cement). The main {HotTag} components of the above ceramics, refractory materials, glass, cement, etc. are all silicates and are typical silicate materials. After the industrial revolution of the 18th century, with the rise of construction, machinery, steel, transportation and other industries, inorganic non-metallic materials have developed rapidly, and there have been electric porcelain, chemical ceramics, cermets, flat glass, chemical glass, optical glass. Refractory materials for open hearth furnaces and converters, as well as cements with excellent properties such as fast hardening and early strength. At the same time, the development of abrasive materials, carbon and graphite products, cast stone and so on. Since the 20th century, with the rise of new technologies such as electronic technology, aerospace, energy, computer, communication, laser, infrared, optoelectronics, biomedicine and environmental protection, higher requirements have been placed on materials, and special inorganic non-metals have been promoted. The rapid development of materials. In the 30s and 40s, high-frequency insulating ceramics, ferroelectric ceramics and piezoelectric ceramics, ferrite (also known as magnetic porcelain) and thermistor ceramics (see semiconductor ceramics) appeared. In the 1950s and 1960s, high-temperature structural ceramics such as silicon carbide and silicon nitride, alumina transparent ceramics, β-alumina fast ion conductor ceramics, gas sensitive and humidity sensitive ceramics were developed. Up to now, various new inorganic materials such as color-changing glass, optical fiber, electro-optical effect, electron emission and high-temperature superconductivity have appeared. Classification Inorganic non-metallic materials have a wide variety of names and uses, so there is no uniform and comprehensive classification method. They are usually divided into two categories: ordinary (traditional) and special (new) inorganic non-metallic materials. The former refers to silicate-based materials and includes some non-silicate materials with similar production processes; for example: silicon carbide, alumina ceramics, borate, sulfide glass, magnesia, chrome-magnesium refractories and Carbon materials, etc. Usually, this type of material has a long history of production, a large output, and a wide range of uses. The latter mainly refers to materials developed in the 20th century with special properties and uses. For example: piezoelectric, ferroelectric, conductor, semiconductor, magnetic, super hard, high strength, ultra high temperature, bioengineered materials and inorganic composite materials. But this division is not absolute, because new materials are gradually developed from traditional materials, and the attribution of some materials is difficult to determine. Habitually, inorganic non-metallic materials are divided into ceramics, glass, cement, refractory materials, enamel, carbon materials, etc., while new materials are gradually formed into new materials according to their production processes, uses and development conditions. Categories such as inorganic composite materials, inorganic porous materials, and the like. Some varieties are incorporated into traditional classifications according to custom, such as: ferroelectric, piezoelectric ceramics incorporated into ceramics; glass-ceramics, optical fibers, etc. incorporated into glass. Some can also be classified according to the main components in the material, including silicates, aluminates, titanates, phosphates, oxides, nitrides, carbide materials, etc.; depending on the use of the materials, there are daily use, construction , chemical, electronic, aerospace, communications, biological, medical materials, etc.; according to the nature of the material, there are gelation, fire resistance, heat insulation, wear resistance, electrical conductivity, insulation, corrosion resistance, semiconductor materials, etc.; according to the material state of the material There are crystals (single crystal, polycrystalline, microcrystalline), amorphous and composite materials, etc., and can also be divided into the appearance of the material, such as block, porous, fiber, whisker, film material. Production Process Ordinary inorganic non-metallic materials are produced using natural ore as raw material. After pulverization, compounding, mixing, etc., forming (ceramic, refractory, etc.) or not forming (cement, glass, etc.), calcined into polycrystalline (cement, ceramic, etc.) or amorphous (glass, cast stone) at high temperature Etc.), after further processing such as grinding (cement), glazed decoration (ceramic), post-forming annealing (glass, cast stone, etc.), to obtain powder or block products. The raw materials of special inorganic non-metallic materials are mostly made of high-purity and fine artificial powder. The single crystal material is produced by a method such as flame melting, pulling, aqueous solution, gas phase, and high pressure synthesis. The polycrystalline material is formed by hot die casting, isostatic pressing, film rolling, casting, spraying or vapor deposition, and then calcined by hot pressing, high temperature isostatic pressing, or hydrothermal synthesis, ultrahigh pressure synthesis or A powdery, lumpy or film-like article is produced by a method such as melt crystallization. The amorphous material is formed into a block, film or fibrous product by high temperature melting, melt solidification, spraying, drawing or blowing. Looking forward to the development of science and technology in the future, more and higher requirements are imposed on various inorganic non-metallic materials, especially for special new materials. Materials science has broad prospects for development. Composite materials, oriented crystalline materials, toughened ceramics, and the use of various types of surface treatments and coatings will make the performance of materials more effective. Due to the deepening of basic research in materials science, the development of various precision testing and analysis techniques will help to realize the early realization of the atomic or molecular composition and structural form of materials according to predetermined performance.